March: In spite of Arab opposition, the German government ratifies a claim of $845 million (US) to be paid over 14 years, and passes a federal Indemnification Law which had paid $25 billion to individual Holocaust victims by 1987 (an average of 5% of the federal budget over 25 years).
In contrast, the East German government does not reply to claims for compensation of Jewish victims.
In Russia: An alleged plot of Jewish doctors against the life of Stalin unleashes renewed persecution of Jews.

August 25: The government of Israel formerly confiscates the land without compensation to the former inhabitants of the village of Iqrit who had been forcibly removed by Israel's military in 1948. (See October 31, 1948).
August 28: Armed Israelis attack the UNRWA Palestinian refugee camp at Bureij in the Gaza Strip. The "Israelis" throw grenades through the windows of the huts and gun down the fleeing refugees, killing 30 and wounding 62 others.
August 31: In Israel – The newly-created "Unit 31" [Zionist death squad] led by ARIEL SHARON launches a night attack on the Al-Bureij refugee camp, randomly shooting at homes, killing about fifty civilians.

October 14: The Arab village of Qibiya is attacked by Israeli troops, killing 42 villagers.

December: Israeli General MOSHE DAYAN ominously writes –

AVNI is offered a full time post in the Israeli Secret Service Mossad (HaMossad leModi'in uleTafkidim Meyuchadim), and is posted as Israel's commercial attaché based in Belgrade. The first secretary at the Soviet embassy in Belgrade becomes his new KGB controller. (See 1950 and 1956).

In Egypt – Israeli intelligence officer Colonel AVRAM DAR (under the identity of 'John Darling' a British citizen of Gibraltar) and recruites Egyptian Jews, previously active in illegal emigration, to train them in covert operations for Israel.
July 2: In Egypt – Israeli agents firebomb a post office in Alexandria, to lay the blame on the Muslim Brotherhood.
July 14: In Egypt – Israeli agents bomb, the U.S. Information Agency libraries in Alexandria and Cairo and a British-owned theater, to lay the blame on the Muslim Brotherhood. The operation is overseen by Israeli agent AVRI ELAD (Avraham Seidenberg) under the German identity of 'Paul Frank'.

Egypt – President JAMAL ABD AL-NASSER imprisons thousands of members of the Muslim Brotherhood, often without trial, some for petty political offenses. (See 1966 SAYYID QUTH).
In Palestine – The State of Israel acquires the Great Isaiah Scroll to study it and preserve it as a national treasure (See 1948, Syrian Orthodox Church).

December 12: Over Syria – Israeli fighter planes force a Syrian airways civilian airliner with passengers to land in Israel in order "to obtain hostages in order to obtain the release of our prisoners [Israeli spies] in Damascus," who had been captured spying within Syria. This the first airline hijacking in the Middle East. Prime Minister of Israel MOSHE SHARETT (משה שרת) accepts the – "factual affirmation of the U.S. State Department that our action was without precedent in the history of international practice." Israel's state-sponsored terrorism was seed sown that would reap much!
FATAH is founded, principally by professionals of the Palestinian diaspora working in the Gulf States who had been refugees in Gaza and had gone on to study in Cairo or Beirut, including YASSER ARAFAT. (See January 1965).

April: In Israel – Mossad-KGB double agent ZE'EV AVNI (Wolf Goldstein) is arrested by Shin Bet and sentenced to 14 years for espionage.

August 1: In London, UK – A tripartite meeting is held at 10 Downing Street between British Foreign Secretary (Selwyn Lloyd), US Ambassador (Robert D. Murphy) and French Foreign Affairs Minister (Christian Pineau) on the Suez Canal situation.

October: Israeli air force shoots down an unarmed Egyptian civilian plane, killing 16 people including four journalists, in a failed attempt to assassinate Field Marshall AABDUL HAKIM AMAR, second to President Nasser, at a time when the two countries are not even in a state of war.

22-24: Prime Minister of Israel DAVID BEN-GURION, Director General of the Ministry of Defence SHIMON PERES and Chief of Staff of the Israel Defence Forces MOSHE DAYAN travel secretly to an isolated house in Sèvres, south of Paris, to meet the French Minister of Defence MAURICE BOURGÈS-MAUNOURY, Minister of Foreign Affairs CHRISTIAN PINEAU and Chief of Staff of the French Armed Forces General MAURICE CHALLE, and British Foreign Secretary SELWYN LLOYD and his assistant Sir PATRICK DEAN, and plan a two-step invasion of Egypt; first Israel had to attack, and then the British-French forces would join in. (Also present are Louis Mangin, adviser to the French minister of defence, and Abel Thomas, the director-general of the ministry of defence).

Protocol [hypocrisy] agreed between these governments – the United Kingdom, Israel, and France is the following:

In the village of Kufr Kassem – Forty-seven Israeli Palestinians, including seven children and nine women are massacred by Israeli Border Police. The Police arrive in the village and announce without warning that there will be a curfew from 5 PM this very evening until 6 AM the following day. Most of the men are working in the fields and do not know of the curfew. When they return in the evening, they are summarily shot.
(About two years after this event, eleven border policemen were charged with crimes and eight were convicted of murder on the grounds that it is immoral to fire on unarmed civilians and no possible military order could justify that act. Among the convicted were the unit’s commander who had instructed his soldiers to "kill anyone who violated the curfew." Major Meilinki and Lt. Daham were sentenced: the former to 17 years and the latter to 15 years. Those who were imprisoned had their terms reduced; no one served more than three and a half years in prison).

5 PM – Israel's 890 Paratroop Brigade is air-dropped into Egypt's Sinai Peninsula, landing close to a camp being used by Egyptian road workers of whom they take 20-50 prisoners. Before moving off towards the Mitla Pass to join their battalion, second-in-command ARYEH BIRO and several other officers machine-gun the prisoners to death. After their battle with Egyptian forces at Mitla Pass the 890 Brigade proceeds to the Red Sea at Ras Sudar where they kill all the occupants of a civilian lorry which accidentally drives into their position. Fifty-six Fedayin are killed, most of them trapped inside the truck. Israel's Paratroopers then advanced towards Sharm El-Sheikh. Commander RAPHAEL (Raful) EITAN instructs his men to take no prisoners. (An estimated 270 Egyptians are 'killed without battle').

France and the UK launch an air attack against targets in Egypt, which is followed by a landing of their troops at the northern end of Egypt's Suez canal.

Russian KGB begins to use YISRAEL BEER, the Professor of Military History at Tel Aviv University, lieutenant colonel in the Israeli Defence Force reserves, and close friend of SHIMON PERES (Deputy Minister of Defence).
YISRAEL BEER informs the KGB of PERES' secret attempt to obtain reconditioned German submarines.

January 25: The United Nations orders Israel to withdraw from Aqaba and Gaza.
February 21: Israel defies a UN deadline and holds on to the Gaza Strip.

Buenos Aires – Blind German-Jewish holocaust survivor becomes suspicious of his daughter's friend called 'Nicolas Eichmann', for his defence of Hitler, and writes first to the public prosecutor in Essen, and then to the Israeli mission in Cologne, Germany.
An Israeli Mossad agent sent to Argentina to investigate regards the informant as unreliable and no action is taken. But both the informant in Argentina and the public prosecutor in Essen continue to press for further investigation (See May, 1960).

Italy – Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and The Netherlands sign the Treaty of Rome which creates the European Economic Community.

In Jerusalem – The Dome of the Rock is restored with generous aid from Muslim countries.

February 12: In West Jerusalem – Israel's parliament passes its first Basic Law: The Knesset.
In France – MAURICE PAPON is appointed prefect of the Paris police (See January 11 1944).
In America – the CIA's U-2 reconnaissance program detects unusual excavation and construction work in the Negev desert near Beersheva. To the CIA photo interpreters it looks unmistakably like a nuclear plant in the earliest phase of construction. (See December 1960).

October 6: The Egypt-Israel Mixed Armistice Commission condemns Israel for expelling several hundred Bedouins of the Azazmah tribe from the Negev.

In China – MAO TSE TUNG exports so much grain to the Soviets to pay for his military programme over the next two years that about 38,000,000 Chinese peasants starve to death.

German prosecutions of war criminals now accepts the evidence of experts that the killing of Jews by gas in the internment camps were as follows –

May 11: In Argentina – Israeli Mossad agent PETER MALKIN (born Zvi Milchman) captures KARL ADOLF EICHMANN as he walks to his home in Garibaldi Street, where he has been living under the 'Riccardo Klement' alias, and after 10 days the Mossad team smuggle him on an El Al plane via Senegal to Israel.
After the capture is announced, Argentina submits a formal diplomatic complaint, threatens sanctions against Israel, expels Israel's ambassador, and lodges a resolution before the Unit Nations Security Council condemning Israel. The resolution is passed 8-0 with the United States voting in favour. ('Eichmann In My Hands' by Peter Malkin and Harry Stein, 1990 New York: Warner Books)
(Much later in January 2011 the Bild newspaper in Germany puiblishes a report that a 1952 West German intelligence agency record reads

"Eichmann living in Argentina under the assumed name Clemens."

The German agency did not inform US intelligence until 1958 that it had tracked down Eichmann, who went under the name Ricardo Klement, similar to that in the file. The German government has refused to release his records. No assistence was provided to Israel to track him down.)

December 2: In Wasington, USA – The American State Department, concerning nuclear weapons development, establishes that "a significant atomic installation was in fact being built near Beersheba."
(Referred in memorandum from Secretary of State Dean Rusk to President John F. Kennedy, Jan. 30, 1961. Declassified March 13, 1991).
8: In Wasington, USA – CIA Director ALLEN DULLES Dulles reports in a meeting of the National Security Council "that Israel was constructing, with French assistance a nuclear complex in the Negev," and added that "CIA and Atomic Energy Commission experts believe... that the Israeli nuclear complex cannot be solely for peaceful purposes."
20: In Israel – The Jerusalem Post newspaper reports that Prime Minister BEN GURION's statement to Israel's Knesset as "The development of the Negev – which we regard as our principal task for the next decade – requires broad and manifold scientific research. For this purpose we have established at Beersheba a scientific institute for research in problems of arid zones and desert flora and fauna. We are also engaged at this time in the construction of a research reactor with a capacity of 24,000 thermal kilowatts, which will serve the needs of industry, agriculture, health and science. This reactor will also be used to train Israeli scientists and technologists for the future construction of an atomic power station within a presumed period of 10 to 15 years." The reactor, the statement continus, is "designed exclusively for peaceful purposes." It will be constructed under the direction of Israeli experts and will not be completed for three or four years. When finished, it will be "open" to trainees from other countries.
Israel's Prime Minister dismisses the report that Israel is building a nuclear bomb as a "deliberate or unwitting untruth" and that Israel had proposed "general and total disarmament in Israel and the neighboring Arab states" with mutual rights of inspection.

April 11: In West Jerusalem – The trial of ADOLF EICHMANN begins.
June: In Caesarea, Israel – Italian archaeologists led by Dr. FROVA find a limestone block inscribed with a dedication to Roman Emperor TIBERIUS by PONTIUS PILATE Governor (Prefect) of Judea, of New Testament notoriety (Matt.27:18-19).
(It is today in the Israel Museum, West Jerusalem and described as "Limestone, inscribed 82.0 cm H, 65.0 cm W, Building Dedication, 4 Lines of Writing (Latin); Date of Discovery: 1961; Inventory AE 1963 no. 104")

East Germany's communist regime builds the Berlin Wall to prevent its citizens from leaving.
December 15: Nazi war criminal KARL ADOLF EICHMANN is sentenced to death by an Israeli court. His defence was –

In Syria – EICHMANN's assistant, SS Hauptsturmfuhrer ALOIS BRUNNER under the pseudonym Dr. Georg Fischer, is blinded in one eye in the explosion of a parcel bomb (again in 1980) sent by Israel's Mossad secret service.
In Johannesburg, South Africa – Jewish (ex-Palmach) ARTHUR GOLDREICH and HAROLD WOLPE purchase a farm (Lilliesleaf) with Russian KGB supplied funds for underground communist activities in support of the African National Congress' terrorism campaign organisers against the South African government.

June 2: In Ramleh Prison, Israel – KARL ADOLF EICHMANN is executed by hanging in the first few minutes after midnight. His body is cremated and his ashes scattered at sea.

In Israel – The Israeli Socialist Organisation is formed, commonly known as Matzpen (after its monthly publication "The Compass") by previous members of Israeli Communist Party (Maki) who opposed that party's unquestioned support for the international policies of the Soviet Union.
July: In Israel – To gain the support of the Israeli population, ISSER HAREL the head of Mossad plants false stories about sinister weapons (chemical, biological and gas-filled warheads) being developed by the German scientists in Egypt.

August: Israel's Mossad prepares to attack and intimidate German scientists working for Egypt's rocket program.
September: In West Germany – HEINZ KRUG (49), the chief of a Munich company supplying military hardware to Egypt disappears and is believed to have been murdered. (Krug was director of an Egyptian dummy company operating out of Munich that was involved in a building missiles in Egypt. Mossad agents, Joseph Ben-Gal and Otto Joklik, are believed to be involved in his abduction.)
November 27: In Egypt – A parcel-bomb sent to rocket scientist WOLFGANG PILZ explodes in his office when opened, injuring his secretary.
In Egypt – A parcel-bomb sent to the Heliopolis rocket factory killing five Egyptian workers.
In West Germany – A pistol is fired at a West German professor in the town of Lörrach who is researching electronics for Egypt. The bullet misses, and the gunman escapes by car.

Austria at last establishes a prosecuting body to implement the war-criminal law on atrocities which the Allies had forced it to pass after the Second World War.
YASSIR ARAFAT founds the Fatah resistance movement against the State of Israel and its confiscation of Palestinian land.
May 18: In Washingtin, USA – American President JOHN F KENNEDY writes to Israel's Prime Minister, BEN GURION, concerning Israel's secret Dimona site demanding that US inspectors are permitted access, or Israel would find itself isolated. (Ben Gurion resigns).
South Africa provides Israel with 10 tons of uranium for its Dimona plant.

In Israel – A compromise is at last reached between Israel's chief rabbinate and the government over the status of 'Bene-Israel' – the Jewish community from Bombay region of India. They are accepted as Jews but the chief rabbinate will decide on the legitimacy of individual marriages.
June 16: In West Jerusalem – Israel passes its second Basic Law: The President of the State.
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) headed by AHMAD SHUKAYRI is founded at an Arab summit, to fight for the liberation of Palestinian areas from Israeli occupation/control.
Israel begins to divert water from the Jordan River into its National Water Carrier (See May, 1965).
December 26: In France – the National Assembly unanimously approves (at last) the incorporation of the 1946 United Nations resolution (see February 1946, crimes against humanity) into the French criminal code (to deal with Nazi criminals if they return to France), but ignoring its retroactive nature.

January 3: In Israel – Palestinian FATAH's first major guerrilla attack attempts to sabotage the Israeli National Water Carrier, which had recently started operation and diverted vast amounts of water from the Jordan River. The attack is thwarted by the Israeli Security Forces.
May: In Syria – Israeli Defence Force attacks the Headwater Diversion of Syria and Jordan, planned to divert the waters of the Banias Stream, before the water entered Israel and the Sea of Galilee, to flow instead into a dam at Mukhaiba for use by Jordan and Syria, and also divert the waters of the Hasbani into the Litani River, in Lebanon.
In West Germany – The government's payment of Israel's 1951 claim is completed on schedule.
November: At its Second Vatican Council, the Roman Catholic Church (opened under Pope John XXIII on October 11, 1962 and closed under Pope Paul VI on December 8, 1965) for the first time exonerates modern Jews from the murder of Christ.
Israel again attacks the Headwater Diversion Plan of Syria and Jordan.
December 8: The Second Vatican Council of the Roman Catholic Church declares –

(See e.g. Pope ALEXANDER VI).

Israel – The Planning and Building Law is promolgated to establish 'blue lines' around every community in Israel as the limit of any development. Any land outside these 'blue line' is considered as agricultural. These lines are drawn liberally around Jewish communities and very restrictively around Palestinian communities. Unrecognised Palestinian villages are outside the blue lines and are therefore considered illegal and face demolition.

In Egypt – President NASSER executes Islamic ideologue SAYYID QUTH (chief mentor of OSAMA BIN LADEN), thus further radicalising Islamic fundamentalism. (See 1954).

In Jerusalem – Israeli authorities seize the ancient 'Temple Scroll' (11QTemple) from an antiquities dealer.
In North Yemen – Egypt has about 50,000 of its troops tied up in a civil war in support of Yemen's royalist faction, making it less ready for any conflict elsewhere.
May 14: The Soviet Union informs Egypt that Israel is preparing to attack Syria with whom Egypt has a mutual defence treaty. The Egyptian army is mobilized, many of whom are poorly trained peasants because of Egypt's existing involvement in Yemen.
15: Israel holds its independence Day military parade in West Jerusalem near the Jordanian border.
17: The United Nations unarmed troops are withdrawn from the Israel-Egypt border on the demand of Egyptian president, NASSER.
Syria accuses Israel of massing troops on its border.
Egypt discovers that the Soviet report to it is false.
23: Egypt's military leadership inform NASSER that Egypt is ready for war and he announces the closure of the Straits of Tiran to Israel, cutting its oil supply route.
30: King HUSSEIN of Jordan signs a mutual defence pact with Egypt in response to perceived Israeli intentions to take Jerusalem from Jordan
Israel's military leadership insists on war as a preemptive action against Egypt in spite of Prime Minister ESCHOL's opposition to military action.

this Six-Day War, Reb [Rabbi] YOEL tells pious Satmar Hasidim not to approach the Western Wall of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, feeling that it will show support for the secular government that claimed to have liberated it. The applies to other so called "holy places" which Satmar Hasidim do not visit, partly in protest of the secular Zionist government, which they view as an abomination. Satmar Hasidim also refuse to take any social benefits from the Israeli government, and view negatively other Haredi groups that do so. Their institutions in Israel are funded by private donations solicited abroad. According to Reb YOEL –

VaYoel Moshe Grand Rebbe YOEL TEITELBAUM explicitly declares that –

In Israel – The Israeli Defence Force Chief Military Prosecutor lays formal charges recommending court martial proceedings against a number of Israeli military personnel concerning the June 8 attack on the USS Liberty, but prior to the start of court martial, the Israel Defence Force submits the matter to an examining judge to confirm prosecution, who rules:

In New York – The United Nations calls for the annexation ('unification') of East Jerusalem to be rescinded.
In Hebron – The tombs of the Jewish patriarchs in Hebron, under its mosque, are opened to non-Muslims for the first time in 700 years. (see 1267AD).

7: The Palestinian population of East Jerusalem go on a general strike against Israeli confiscations of Palestinian land. Israel's military defeat of her Arab neighbours leads to an escalation of Palestinian terrorism.
Israel begins frantically building high-rise apartment blocks around East Jerusalem at French Hill, Ramat Eshkol, Ramot, East Talpiot, Neve Yakov, and Gilo, mostly on confiscated Palestinian land, to increase the Jewish proportion of the city, causing an aesthetic disaster to the Jerusalem skyline.

8: In West Jerusalem – Palestinian militants of Al Fatah attempt to blow up the Zion Cinema.
21: Egyptian naval forces sink “The Eilat”, killing 47.

"Member states in their acceptance of the Charter of the United Nations have undertaken a commitment to act in accordance with Article 2 of the Charter –
	Affirms that the fulfillment of Charter principles requires the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East which should include the application of both the following principles:
(i)	Withdrawal of Israeli forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict,
(ii)	Termination of all claims or states of belligerency and respect for and acknowledgement of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of every State in the area and their right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force".

suffered by Palestinians flowing from the Six Day War become a watershed in Islamic fundamentalist teaching and now radicalise resistance on a world scale. (See 1966 SAYYID QUTH).

Israel – Rabbi ZVI YEHUDA KOOK persuades the Israeli government to approve the building of Jewish settlements in Judea, Samaria, and Gaza, and sends his students to the mission of 'final redemption' conquest of the Land which would bring the Messiah.

Brooklyn, USA – Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Rabbi YEHUDA KOLKO, Dormitory Counselor at Yeshivas Mir, begins his forty years of child molestation. (See: 1984).

Gaza, Palestine – Israel frees Sheikh AHMED YASSIN from prison (detained on instruction of Egypt's President Nasser) who later forms HAMAS.
(David Shipler, a New York Times reporter, later reports that he was told by the Israeli military governor of the Gaza Strip, Brigadier General Yitzhak Segev, that the Israeli government had financed the Islamic movement Hamas to couteract the PLO and the communists).

West Bank, Palestine – The Palestinian villages of Dayr Ayyub, Imwas, Yalo, and Bayt Nuba are completely demolished by Israel's Defence Force, and their 14,000 inhabitants expelled, on orders of Yitzhak Rabin. (The site is later developed by the Jewish National Fund into a recreation Park funded by unknowing Canadian Jews and in 1973 is named Canada Park).

March 21: In Jordan – Israel's Defence Force attacks the Jordanian village of Karameh (where FATAH is headquartered) using heavy weaponry, armoured vehicles and fighter jets.
The Jordanian Army becomes involved, causing the Israel Defence Force to retreat in order to avoid a full-scale war. Killed in conflict: 150 FATAH militants; 20 Jordanian soldiers; and 28 Israeli soldiers.

America – MEIR KAHANE founds the Jewish Defence League.

Jerusalem – Israel passes its third Basic Law: The Government.

1: Ambassador ABBA EBAN expresses Israel's response to the Security Council resolution 242 of 1967 –

Egypt's War of Attrition officially begins with sparse Egyptian artillery bombardment of the Israeli front line on the east bank of the Suez Canal. (Artillery bombardments in the following months kill some Israeli soldiers.)

5: In Los Angeles, California, USA – Senator and presidential candidate ROBERT F. KENNEDY is assassinated by twenty-four-year-old Palestinian Christian SIRHAN B. SIRHAN in the Ambassador hotel in reaction to Kennedy's unconditional support for Israel in its June 1967 six-day war (Kennedy had also promised to send 50 fighter jets to Israel if he was elected president). The anniversary celebration of Israel's American-supported victory had incensed Sirhan who had been drinking. Sirhan's mother later explained in court testimony that their family had been dispossessed by Jewish Zionist aggression in Palestine which had left a permanent scar in Sirhan's young mind.

October 9, Wednesday: A 12-year-old girl MICHAL ARBEL is secretly lowered through the 28-cm-hole in the floor of the Hebron Mosque into the cave of Machpela, taking photographs of the interior, measuring and making a sketch. General MOSHE DAYAN (who was present) describes this as the first entrance by a Jew into the tomb of the Patriarchs since the days of king Herod.

The 'Israel Labour Party' is formed out of a union of the Mapai Party, 'Ahdut ha-Avoda', and Rafi (Reshimat Po'ale Yisrael).

Hebron, Palestine – Orthodox Jews establish a presence (see 1936).

the USA – America's fourth sect of Judaism, 'Reconstructionist Judaism', found their Rabbinical College (others being Orthodox, Conservation, Reform). Most Reconstructionist Jews reject traditional forms of theism, many are deists, a small number accept Kabbalistic views of God, or the concept of a personal God.

Israel – The Mossad owned freighter Scheersberg A delivers 200 tons of Congo uranium oxide (operation Plumbat) for the French-built nuclear reactor at Dimona in the Negev Desert and for production of weapons-grade plutonium under direction of physicist Yuval Ne’eman. The ship docks in the eastern Turkish port of Iskenderum and its captain and crew abandoned the ship and disappear.

February: YASSIR ARAFAT becomes leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
Egyptian President NASSER declares the previous year’s ceasefire with Israel null and void.
February 13: In Zurich, Switzerland – Israeli airliner is attacked by Palestinian terrorists.

March: In Israel – bomb-attacks on Jewish institutions continue in Jerusalem.

June 15: In Israel – GOLDA MEIR states to 'The Sunday Times' – in refutation of Palestinian complaints –

July 20-24: Almost the entire Israeli Air Force bombs the northern Suez Canal sector, destroying Egyptian anti-aircraft positions, tanks and artillery. The aerial offensive continues until December and reduces Egypt's anti-aircraft defence to almost nothing. It manages to reduce the artillery bombardment somewhat. However, shelling with lighter weapons – especially mortars – continues.

August 21: In Israel – DAVID ROHAN, Australian 'Christian tourist', sets fire to the Al Aqsa Mosque on Temple Mount (the Haram) in Jerusalem, destroying the famous Nur ad-Din pulpit and the great wooden beams supporting the ceiling, and precipitating a violent riot over suspicions of Jewish complicity. ROHAN cites HERBERT ARMSTRONG's (Church of God) editorial in the Plain Truth magazine as his reason.

In Switzerland – The Roman Catholic 'Society of St. Pius X' is formed by Archbishop MARCEL LEFEBVRE, opposed to the liberalizing reforms of the Second Vatican Council, particularly its outreach to Jews.
In London, UK – Egyptian ASHRAF MARWAN (later Dr., who married Nasser's daughter) is recruited as an agent for Israel's Mossad.

April 28: In Israel – A group of high school seniors about to be drafted into the Israel Defence Force sends a letter to Prime Minister GOLDA MEIR expressing their reservation about the occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, the War of Attrition and the government's failure to take steps to avoid conflict. The Israeli press dub them 'Shministim' (Hebrew: שמיניסטים), literally "twelfth graders".

June: The Soviet Union's military presence in Egypt increases to 12,150 personnel, plus 100-150 pilots.
June 25: An Israeli A-4 Skyhawk, in an attack sortie against Egyptian forces on the Canal, is pursued by a pair of Soviet-piloted MiG-21s into the Sinai Peninsula. The Skyhawk is hit and forced to land in a nearby air base. In response, Israel plans and executes an ambush of Soviet-piloted MiGs.

September 6-9: Palestinian terrorists highjack four commercial airliners, three being flown to northern Jordan and held hostage with passengers and crew, resulting in Jordan's military action against the PLO.

September 28: Egypt's President NASSER dies of a heart attack, and Vice President ANWAR al-SADAT takes over.

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